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Systematic Review
1) To assess the effects of interventions involving exposure to different sizes or sets of physical dimensions of a portion, package, individualunit or item of tableware on unregulated selection or consumption of food, alcohol or tobacco products in adults and children.2) To assess the extent to which these effects may be modified by study, intervention and participant characteristics.
The current version of this review includes 72 studies, published between 1978 and July 2013, assessed as being at overall unclear or high risk of bias with respect to selection and consumption outcomes. 4% of studies (3/72) manipulated cigarettes.
A meta-analysis of six independent comparisons from three studies (108 participants) found low quality evidence for no difference in the effect of cigarette length on consumption (SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.65).
The authors are unable to highlight clear implications for tobacco or alcohol policy due to identified gaps in the current evidence base.